Doppler grading for decompression bubbles / 中国职业医学

Ultrasonic bubble detection has been widely used in predicting the risk of decompression sickness and evaluating the efficiency and safety of decompression procedures. Currently, the widely used SPENCER scale is conducted by using Doppler ultrasound to monitor the bubble signal in the precordial region of subjects. KM grading system is a computerized system based on Doppler ultrasound. The grading score can be converted into SPENCER bubble grading scale score and the bubble grading is precise and suitable for the motion status. On the basis of the above two methods, the KISMAN integrated severity score, extended SPENCER bubble grading and simplified Doppler bubble grading system were established. They not only coordinated analysis of Doppler ultrasound bubble detection results with other risk factors of decompression disease, but also convenient to use computer for processing detection results. With the in-depth application of Fourier technique and empirical mode decomposition in Doppler audio bubble signal detection, methods such as three-parameter fuzzy analysis and energy operator method are playing an important role in automatic bubble analysis. Optimization of detection technology and improvement of sensitivity and accuracy of automatic analysis are important development directions in the field of decompression bubble Doppler grating technology.

Establishment of a scoring system for predicting the positive rate of prostatic biopsy for prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the predictors of the positive results of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy for prostate cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses on the relevant data on 385 male patients that underwent TRUS-guided biopsy for prostate cancer, including such potential predictors as age, body mass index (BMI), symptoms, results of digital rectal examination (DRE), tPSA, fPSA, free/total PSA ratio (f/tPSA), prostate volume (PV), and PSA density (PSAD) for identification of the risk factors related to the positive rate of biopsy. Then we constructed a scoring system as a tool for predicting prostate cancer in repeat biopsies and determined the sensitivity of the system by calculating the false positive rate using the receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 385 patients, 139 (36.1%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer. On multivariate analysis, age (P < 0.01), DRE (P < 0.01), tPSA (P < 0.01), fPSA (P < 0.01), f/tPSA (P < 0.01), PV (P < 0.01), and PSAD (P < 0.01) were all significant predictors of prostate cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed age, tPSA, f/tPSA, PV, and PSAD to be independent predictors, with ORs and 95% CIs of 1.07 (1.05-1.16), 1.05 (1.02-1.15), 0.97 (0.86-0.99), 0.98 (0.87-0.96), and 1.79 (1.48-2.06), respectively. Moreover, patients with the risk score of 3-5 had a significantly higher rate of prostate cancer than those with 0-2 (64% vs 11%, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The scoring system on the key predictors of prostate cancer can help urologists to identify the men in need of prostatic biopsy.</p>

Clinical value of prostate specific antigen screening in early detection of prostate cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the clinical significance of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in early detection of prostate cancer in Chinese men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PSA screening was performed in 8562 asymptomatic men who had been enrolled for health checkup and all were > or = 50 years old. Prostate biopsy was recommended for those with a serum PSA level > or = 4.0 ng/ml. The pathological and clinical features of the patients with prostate cancer detected by the PSA screening were compared with that of 82 clinically diagnosed prostate cancer patients during the same period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 8562 asymptomatic men, 719 had PSA levels > or = 4.0 ng/ml and biopsy was performed in 295 of them. Fifty-eight prostate cancers were detected. The biopsy rate was 41.0% and positive detection rate was 19.7%. The overall age distribution in the screening group and the clinical groups was not significantly different (P = 0.176). However, 41.4% (24/58) of the patients in screening group were > 75 years old, and significantly more than that in the clinical group (25.6%, P = 0.0491). The proportion of the patients with PSA levels > or = 20 ng/ml in the screening group was significantly less than that in the patients of the clinical group (44.8% vs. 75.6%, P = 0.0002). Whether in the patients whose age was > 75 years old (P < 0.05) or < or = 75 years old (P = 0.0002), the patients in the screening group had significantly lower Gleason scores < 7 (60.3% vs. 34.1%, P = 0.002), more T1 or T2 tumor (87.9% vs. 26.8%, P < 0.0001) and more chance to receive radical prostatectomy (50.0% vs. 18.3%, P < 0.0001) than the patients in the clinical group did. However, the distributions of PSA levels at diagnosis and biopsy Gleason scores were not significantly different between the above mentioned two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is useful for early detection of prostate cancer in Chinese men aged > or = 50 years. The patients detected by PSA screening usually show a lower PSA level, Gleason scores and early clinical stage disease, and have more chance for radical prostatectomy than the clinically diagnosed patients.</p>

Surveillance on Keshan disease in Huangling County, Shannxt Province in 2007 / 中国地方病学杂志

Objective To monitor the prevalence of Keshan disease in Huangling County, Shaanxi Previnee in 2007. Methods All local residents in surveinance area of Keshan disease in Diantou and Yaoping Township of Huangling County, were surveyed and given overall examinations by electrocardiography. The patients of latent and chronic Keshan disease were examined by X-ray. The selenium contents in blood and hair were monitored by fluorospectrophotometry in surveillance and non-surveillance areas. Results No new ease of acute or sub-acute patient was found. Latent and chronic patients detected accounted for 3.92% (35/893). Only 1 ease of new latent Keshan disease was newly found. Major feature of electrocardiographic abnormality was ST-T change. By X-ray, there were 27 eases with a normal heart, 20 eases with mild enlargement, 20 eases with medium enlargement, and 16 eases with marked enlargement. Serological selenium eoncentrations were (38.67±19.58), (48.55±22.36), (67.29±17.32)μg/L, respectively in patients, internal and external eontrols(F=16.291 ,P<0.01). Selenium contents of children's hair were (0.376±0.101), (0.372±0.085), (0.436±0.085)μg/L, respectively(F= 17.032, P<0.01). Conclusions Cases of diagnosed Keshan disease were decreased compared with the previous years. There were new eases of latent Keshan disease in Huangling County, Shaanxi Province.